Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) in both children and adults is the main condition that Adderall is used to treat. It functions by influencing specific brain chemicals, namely dopamine and norepinephrine, which are involved in controlling attention and impulse control.

There are immediate-release and extended-release versions of Adderall. While the extended-release formulation has a longer period of effect, the immediate-release version has a quicker beginning of action.